Fully understanding the principle and characteristics of the rapid prototyping technology of model making is the basic requirement of mastering this skill. So, what are the manufacturing methods of rapid prototyping?

目前采用的快速成型方式可分為以下幾種。

At present, the rapid prototyping methods can be divided into the following.

模型制作中快速成型有哪些制作方法？

What are the methods of rapid prototyping in model making?

1、光固化成型——SLA法 快速成型方法之一，是目前RP領(lǐng)域中普遍的制作方式。其原理是利用紫外激光光束使液態(tài)光敏樹脂逐層固化形成三維實(shí)體。通過CAD設(shè)計(jì)出三維實(shí)體模型，利用離散程序?qū)⒛Ｐ瓦M(jìn)行切片處理，將電腦軟件分層處理后的資料由激光光束通過數(shù)控裝置的掃描器按設(shè)計(jì)的掃描路徑投射到液態(tài)光敏樹脂表面上，使表面特定區(qū)域內(nèi)的一層樹脂固化，生成零件的一個截面：每完成一層后，浸在樹脂液中的平臺會下降一層，固化層上覆蓋另一層液態(tài)樹脂，在進(jìn)行二層掃描，新固化的一層牢固地粘接在前一固化層上，如此重復(fù)直形成三維實(shí)體原型。

1. UV curing, one of the rapid prototyping methods of SLA, is a common manufacturing method in RP field. The principle is that the liquid photosensitive resin is solidified layer by layer by using ultraviolet laser beam to form a three-dimensional solid. The 3D solid model is designed by CAD, and the model is sliced by discrete program. The data processed by computer software is projected onto the surface of liquid photosensitive resin by laser beam through the scanner of numerical control device according to the designed scanning path, so that a layer of resin in the specific area of the surface is solidified, and a section of the part is generated: after each layer is completed, it is immersed in resin liquid After two-layer scanning, the newly solidified layer is firmly bonded to the previous solidified layer, and this is repeated until a three-dimensional solid prototype is formed.

2、粉末燒結(jié)成型——SLS法 SLS法與SLA法的成形原理相似，只是將液態(tài)光敏樹脂換成在激光照射下可燒結(jié)成形的各種固態(tài)燒結(jié)粉末（金屬、陶瓷、樹脂粉末等）。其基本過程是將CAD軟件控制的激光束，投射到覆蓋一層燒結(jié)粉末的工作面上，按照零件的截面信息對粉末層進(jìn)行有選擇的逐點(diǎn)掃描，受激光照射的粉末層熔化燒結(jié)，使粉末顆粒相互黏結(jié)而形成制件的實(shí)體部分。每完成一層燒結(jié)，工作平臺下降一層，作業(yè)面上重新覆蓋一層粉末，再進(jìn)行另一層的燒結(jié)，如此反復(fù)進(jìn)行，逐層形成立體的零件。

2. The principle of SLS is similar to that of SLA, except that the liquid photosensitive resin is replaced by various solid sintered powders (metal, ceramic, resin powder, etc.) which can be sintered under laser irradiation. The basic process is that the laser beam controlled by CAD software is projected onto the working face covered with a layer of sintered powder, and the powder layer is scanned point by point according to the section information of the part. The powder layer irradiated by laser is melted and sintered, so that the powder particles are bonded to form the solid part of the part. Every time a layer of sintering is completed, the working platform is lowered one layer, the working surface is covered with a layer of powder again, and then another layer of sintering is carried out, so as to form three-dimensional parts layer by layer.
             

3、熔積成型——FDM法 該方法使用絲狀材料（石蠟、金屬、塑料、低熔點(diǎn)合金絲）為原料，利用電加熱方式將絲材在噴頭中加熱略高于融化溫度，呈熔融狀態(tài)。在計(jì)算機(jī)的控制下，噴頭作X-Y平面的掃描運(yùn)動，將熔融的材料從送料端口噴頭射出，涂覆在工作臺上，冷卻后形成工件的一層截面，一層成形后，噴頭上移一層高度，進(jìn)行下一層涂覆，這樣逐層堆積形成三維實(shí)體。

3. FDM method: the method uses filamentous materials (paraffin, metal, plastic, low melting point alloy wire) as raw materials, and uses electric heating method to heat the wire in the nozzle to slightly higher than the melting temperature. Under the control of the computer, the nozzle scans the X-Y plane, shoots the molten material from the nozzle at the feeding port, and coats it on the worktable. After cooling, a layer of cross-section of the workpiece is formed. After one layer is formed, the nozzle moves up one layer to coat the next layer. In this way, the three-dimensional solid is formed layer by layer.

4、分層實(shí)體成型——LOM法 又稱層疊成型法，是以薄片材（如紙片、塑料薄膜或復(fù)合材料）為原料，通過薄片材進(jìn)行層疊與激光切割而形成模型。其原理為激光切割系統(tǒng)按照計(jì)算機(jī)提取的橫截面輪廓數(shù)據(jù)，將背面涂有熱熔膠的片材用激光切割出模型的內(nèi)外輪廓；切割完一層后，工作臺下降一層高度，在剛形成的層面上疊加新的一層片材，利用熱粘壓裝置使之黏合在一起，然后再進(jìn)行切割，這樣一層層地黏合、切割，然后成為三維實(shí)體。

4. Layered solid forming LOM method, also known as laminated forming method, is based on thin sheets (such as paper, plastic film or composite materials) as raw materials, which are laminated and laser cut to form a model. The principle is that according to the cross-sectional profile data extracted by computer, the laser cutting system cuts out the inner and outer contour of the model from the sheet coated with hot melt adhesive on the back; after cutting one layer, the worktable descends one layer, and a new layer of sheet is superimposed on the newly formed layer, which is bonded together by the hot pressing device, and then cut, so as to bond layer by layer , cut, and then become a 3D solid.